C Minor thirteenth

The minor thirteenth chord stacks extensions on a minor-seventh frame, typically including 9, 11, and 13 (1-♭3-5-♭7-9-11-13 as a conceptual set). The 13 is the same pitch class as a major sixth above the root, which warms the harmony compared with darker minor modes while keeping the minor third and minor seventh identity. It is a go-to color for modal jazz, funk keyboard pads, and rich neo-soul voicings.

Construction

Extend m7 upward by thirds in the chord symbol system: add 9, 11, then 13. Real voicings often omit inner tones for clarity.

Usage

Static minor vamps, ii chords with lush extensions, and tonic minor colors when you want brightness on top.

Examples

• Herbie-style minor vamp voicings
• Funk clavinet or Rhodes pads on m13
• Gospel-inflected minor stacks

Play

Prioritize guide tones and the color you need most; rarely play all seven pitch classes simultaneously in a single hand.

Ear-training cues

Minor seventh core with a major sixth/13 lift on top.